中国主要森林生态系统公益的评估

ESTIMATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF MAJOR FOREST IN CHINA

为生态系统管理提供科学的量化指标 ,以我国森林为研究对象 ,根据全国第 3次森林资源清查资料 ( 1 984～ 1 988)及 Costanza等 ( 1 997)的森林生态系统公益资料计算了我国 38种主要森林类型生态系统公益的总价值约为 1 1 7.40 1亿美元 ,其中以森林营养循环的贡献最大 (约占 40 % ) ,而原材料 (包括木材、燃料、饲料 )的贡献仅占 1 5% ,反映出森林生态系统公益的显著性。研究发现 ,各森林类型的生态系统公益 ( Va)与其总生产力 ( Tp)具有良好的相关关系 :Ln( Va) =1 0 8.2 1 ( Tp) 0 .93,R2 =0 .844。这对于简化生态系统公益的评估具有重要意义。本研究为合理保护和可持续利用森林资源提供了科学的量化依据。

To supply scientific and quantitative index to forest ecosystem management,the values of ecosystem services of major forests in China were evaluated and analyzed in this paper according to the forest inventory data from the third national investigation of forest resources(1984～1988) and the global average values of forest ecosystem services given by Costanza et al .(1997).The result indicates that the value of forest ecosystem services in China costs at least about ＄117.401×10 9 considering 14 types of ecosystem services annually.Among 14 types of ecosystem services,forests’nutrient cycling which accounts for 40 per cent of the total value contributed the greatest,while their raw materials,including lumber,fuel and fodder,accounted only for 15 percent of the total value.It indicates that the ecological effect of forests was much more obvious. The total value of each forest ecosystem services had close relation with its net primary production(NPP)∶Ln( Va )=108 21( Tp ) 0 93 (R 2=0 844). It may be helpful to simplify the procedure of estimating the value of ecosystem services,and provide a scientific and quantitative basis for rational protection and sustainable utilization of forest resources.