细胞周期检查点的分子机制

The Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Checkpoints

细胞在长期的进化过程中发展出了一套保证细胞周期中ＤＮＡ复制和染色体分配质量的检查机制，通常被称为细胞周期检查点（ｃｈｅｃｋｐｏｉｎｔ）。当细胞周期进程中出现异常事件，这类调节机制就被激活，及时地中断细胞周期的运行，待细胞修复或排除了故障后，细胞周期才能恢复运转。根据“质量控制”的内容，可将细胞周期检查点分为三种。第一种负责查看ＤＮＡ有无损伤，称为ＤＮＡ损伤检查点；第二种负责ＤＮＡ复制的进度，称为ＤＮＡ复制检查点；第三类是管理染色体的正确分配与否，称为纺锤体组装检查点。

Abstract Cell cycle checkpoints are responsible for the quality control of DNA replication and chromosome segregation.When problems are caused during the cell cycle,these kinds of regulating mechanisms should be activated and then arrest the cell cycle.After the troubles are removed or damages are repaired,these mechanisms allow the restart of the cell cycle.According to the functions of the quality control of cell cycle,there are three kinds of checkpoints during the cell cycle:DNA damage checkpoint which is responsible for the control of DNA damage;DNA replication checkpoint which is responsible for the control of DNA replication;Spindle assembly checkpoint which is responsible for the chromosome segregation.This review simply summarized the recent progress on the molecular mechanism of the cell cycle checkpoints.