“这/那、this/that”心理距离指示现象分析

An Analysis of the Function of Psychological Distance Reference in "this/that" and "zhe/na"

许余龙教授(1984,1987,1989)对指示代词进行分析时发现指示代词"这/那t、his/that"除了时空和语篇指示现象之外还有心理距离指示现象,对此作了充分的阐述。本论文在许教授的研究成果上做进一步拓展研究,分析后认为:1)心理距离指示现象不仅仅指心理拉近现象(Psychological Nearness),还包括心理推开(Psychological Farness);2)心理距离指示现象不仅仅是凸显的独特现象,还包括伴随心理距离指示现象;3)心理距离指示现象和时空指示是共生的,存在着程度差别;4)指示代词的心理距离指示现象仅存在于外指(时空指示)而不存在于内指(语篇指示)。为了研究方便,本论文将"这/那t、his/that"在本文中称为指示词,研究过程中的语料借助了当代美语语料库和北大现代汉语语料库来验证假设。

Xu Yulong（1984,1987,1989）carried out relevant comparative analyses of the demonstratives ＂this/that＂ and ＂这/那＂,proposing that these two pairs of demonstratives can realize the function of Psychological Distance Reference besides the functions of the spatial,temporal and discourse references.Based on Xu＇s study,this article makes a further step in the analysis of demonstratives ＂this/that＂ and ＂这/那＂,arguing that： 1） the Psychological Distance Reference means not only the psychological nearness but also psychological farness;2） the Psychological Distance Reference can be divided into covert situation and overt situation;3） the Psychological Distance Reference shows different degrees of prominence;and 4） the Psychological Distance Reference exists in the Exophora Reference rather than in the Endophora Reference.In order to facilitate the analysis,we adopt demonstratives to represent ＂this/that＂ and ＂这/那＂ in the study and some examples come from two corpuses online： Corpus of Contemporary American English,http：//www.americancorpus.org/ and Corpus of Chinese Language,http：//ccl.pku.edu.cn：8080/ccl_corpus/.