材料性质和专业对解决四卡片问题影响的眼动研究

Influence of data category and specialty on the Four-card Problem:an Eye-Movement Study

目的:探讨实验材料性质和专业背景等因素对四卡片推理问题解决的影响。方法:使用ASL-504眼动记录仪,以16名大学生为被试,采用2(材料性质)×2(专业)的二因素被试间设计。结果:材料性质主效应不显著,但材料性质在相对注视时间、相对注视次数和瞳孔直径上呈现显著差异;专业因素主效应显著,专业因素在平均注视时间和平均眼跳距离上差异显著,二因素交互作用不显著;"如果子句"和"那么子句"在所有眼动指标上不存在显著差异。结论:(1)抽象程度高的材料在理解四卡片问题时需要更多的加工,包括条件句及其组成部分;(2)不同专业背景对理解条件句有不同的影响;(3)条件句各组成部分在理解时得到同等重要的加工。

Objective：To examine the influence of data category and specialty on four-card problem.Methods：Using ASL 504 Eye-tracking system,16 undergraduates attended the experiment of a between-group design,which was 2（data category：abstract or con-crete）×2（specialty：arts or science）.Results：① There was no significance on main effect of data category while considered the great standard,such as gaze time.② There was of significance on main effect of specialty while considered the major standard.③ There was no significant difference between two inclusive parts of conditional statement.Conclusion：① The four-card problem of abstract data needed more cognitive process,including condition statement and its inclusive parts.② Different specialty of subjects had different effect on comprehension of four-card problem.③ There had been comparably processed between two inclusive parts of conditional statement.