论郑燮的生活之师及其师法自然——以郑板桥的诗文为例

Zheng Xie's Life of the Nature as the Teacher

郑燮是我国清代著名的思想家和艺术家,他主张师法自然,强调向生活学习。他认为,艺术的根基在生活,作诗书画功夫都在平时的训练和对自然景物的观察与体悟之中,同时要感受社会,真实地反映社会生活。当然真实地反映社会生活,并不是对生活景象的复制,文学艺术不仅要反映生活,还要高于生活。高于生活必须在在尊重自然与社会规律的基础上对生活进行提炼、揣摩、概括,使诗词书画更"切于日用"。

Zheng Xie,famous thinker and artist of the Chinese Qing Dynasty,advocated learning from nature,emphasizing learning from life.He believes that the foundation of art in life,poetry,calligraphy,and kungfu training in peacetime is built on the observation of nature and understanding the being.At the same time the artist should have real life experiences so as to give expression to real social life.Of course,to express true social life rather than give some eye-shots from life,literature and art should reflect not only life,but also things higher than life.To do so,artists must think,refine,and generalize,so as to make their poetry and paintings more life-like.