汤因比的历史研究与英国战后外交政策

Toynbee's Study of History and the British Post-War Foreign Policy

作者从第二次世界大战前后英帝国的兴衰追踪分析汤因比的历史研究及其结论的变化,认为汤因比的学术生涯始终贯穿政治,其学术研究肩负着英国的"特别文化使命",是为英国外交利益服务的。英国是第二次世界大战中的胜利者,同时也是被剥夺者:其海外利益不仅没有在战后得到有效保护,反而还遭到美国联手苏联的变相瓜分。第二次世界大战结束后,丘吉尔开始报复美国,用"捧杀"策略诱使美国与苏联、中国冲突并以此消耗并拖垮美国;与此同时还要借美国之手为欧洲收复在雅尔塔体制中失去的战略利益,使英国"保留20世纪初、身披世界最强大帝国斗篷的骄傲"。这些外交目的潜藏于汤因比历史研究之中且依稀可察。战场是最好的课堂,对手是最好的老师。英国人是盎格鲁-撒克逊民族中治理世界时间比较长的,其外交战略思维也是比较圆熟的。对此,我们要提高警惕,更要知己知彼,学习其中有效而我们尚不熟悉的治理世界的经验,为中国成长为一个世界性的大国做好准备。

Tracking the rise and fall of the British Empire before and after the World War II,the author argues that politics had ran through Toynbee's academic career,which shouldered the British 'special cultural mission' and served the British diplomatic interests.Britain is not only the victor of the War but also a loser whose overseas interstes was de facto deprived by the Soviet Union and the U.S.instead of being effectively protected.After the WWII,Churchil began to revenge the U.S.with a 'flattery' strategy to defeat the U.S.by inducing it to conflict with the Soviet Union and China;meanwhile,he also used the hand of the U.S.to help Europe regain its lost strategic interests in the Yalta System,retaining the pride of the most powerful empire in the early 20th Century.All these diplomatic objectives are hidden and can be found in Toynbee's works.Battlefield is the best class and the rival is the best teacher.Among the Anglo-Saxon nations,the English had long been governing the world and thus have relatively mellow thinkings on foreign strategies;therefore,we must be vigilant,know oursleves and know our rivals,and learn their experiences of effectively governing the world that we are unfamiliar with,getting well prepared for China's growth as a world power.