拓扑结构高分子的高效“点击”合成

"Click synthesis" of topological macromolecules

树枝状、梳形、超枝化、星形、及H形等支链结构和环形、多环形等结构的拓扑高分子具有不同于直链结构高分子的独特性能,是一类在材料改性、纳米科技和生物医药等领域有着重要应用前景的新型功能性聚合物材料,日益受到人们的重视,但其复杂的结构导致它们的合成非常繁琐并因此束缚其实际应用.具有定量、快速、高效和高选择性、反应条件温和、产物单一、易于分离等特点的点击反应(click reaction)的应用极大地推动了拓扑结构高分子合成方法的发展.本文就炔/叠氮1,3-偶极环加成反应(CuAAC)、硫醇-烯/炔、胺-丙烯酸酯、Diels-Alder环加成等点击反应应用于树枝状、超枝化、环形、星型等拓扑结构高分子的合成做一简要介绍,并提出了进一步的研究方向.

Topological macromolecules including branched macromolecules such as starlike,dendritic and cyclic and muticyclic macromolecules have many unique properties different from linear counterparts,and thus are new polymeric materials with potential applications in such areas as nanotechnology,biomedicines and pharmaceutics.However,their tedious synthesis is the inherent barrier preventing them from real applications.Click reactions,which are fast,selective under mild reaction conditions and create only inoffensive by-products,have greatly advanced the synthesis methodologies of topological polymers.In this review,we briefly discuss the applications of click reactions including copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition（CuAAC）,thiol-yne/ene,amine-acrylate,Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions in synthesis of topological polymers.The future directions in this area are also discussed.