335例甲型H1N1流感病例流行病学分析

Epidemiological characteristics of 335 cases with pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection

目的探讨甲型H1N1流感的流行病学特征。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2010年1月确诊的335例甲型H1N1流感患者的流行病学资料,分析普通型与危-重型患者的流行病学特点。结果 2009年10月前患者多有甲型H1N1流感接触史,病情轻;2009年11月至2010年1月患者少有甲型H1N1流感接触史,危-重型患者增多。随着年龄的增长,危-重型及死亡患者的比例显著上升;危-重型患者中伴有慢性疾病者占19.23%;总体病死率为5.67%,死亡原因主要为呼吸衰竭。结论流感流行季节到来之前,对老年合并慢性疾病的高危人群及时接种疫苗、早期诊断、早期隔离、早期治疗是降低发病率、病死率的重要途径。

Objective To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of cases with pandemic influenza A （H1N1） virus infection and provide clues for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods Epidemiological data were collected from 335 cases infected with pandemic influenza A （H1N1） virus admitted in our hospital between June 1st, 2009 and January 31st, 2010. Epidemiological characters between common type and severe to critical type of the disease were analyzed. Results Most of the patients before October 2009 had contact history of H1N1 virus. The illness was often mild. From November 2009 to January 2010, the patients seldom had contact history. The proportion of severe to critical patients or dead patients significantly increased accompany with age. Nineteen point two percent of severe to critical patients had chronic disease. The fatality rates were 5.67% and the leading cause of death was respiratory failure. Conclusions Before seasonal influenza coming back, vaccinating the high risk people as the old, the patients with chronic diseases as well as early diagnosing, isolating and treating the patients are important ways to reduce the morbidity and mortality.