无形要素禀赋假说

The Intangible Factor Endowment Hypothesis

本文从理论范式进步的角度,考察要素禀赋理论的现实解释力与理论框架拓展之间的关系。由于经济全球化不同于自由贸易的基本假定,政府干预已成为国际经济活动的不可缺少因素,因而需要恰当地将代表政府干预的变量因素嵌入到以自由市场为制度特征的国际贸易纯理论框架,使贸易模型更能贴近当今国际经济现实。本文选定国家竞争战略为这一变量因素,作为国家利益冲突本质特征函数的变量;假设"北方"、"南方"两国,分别拥有有形要素和无形要素两种要素禀赋,前者是可以通过市场获得的要素,后者则是指一国在全球市场中采取竞争战略等非市场机制所获得的要素;再进一步地,假定北国是无形要素丰裕的国家,南国是无形要素不丰裕的国家。于是,本文得到了一个在无形要素禀赋意义下的"南—北贸易模型"理论框架。显然,本文通过理论演绎得到的这一结果,扩充了要素禀赋理论框架。通过对日美之间国家利益冲突如何从贸易摩擦演化成为汇率系统的战略较量的历史进行实证分析,验证了无形要素禀赋假说是成立的。

This paper explores the relationship between realistic explanation and theoretical framework development of factor endowments from the perspective of theoretical paradigm improvement. Government interventions have been a critical factor in international economic affairs due to the globalization assumption, rather than the free-trade assumption. In order to describe current international reality more precisely by trade model, it is necessary to embed the variable of government interventions into the theoretical framework of international trade, which treats free market as its institutional feature. National competitive strategy is selected as a variable, which implies nature of national interest conflicts ： there are two countries, the North and the South, and both of them possess two factor endowments, tangible factor and intangible factor, and the former can be acquired from market exchange, while the later one is the factor which can only be obtained by non-market mechanism, saying competitive strategy, in global market. Furthermore, the North is presumed as an intangible-factor-abandon country ;whereas the South is presumed to be not an intangible-factor-abandon country. A theoretical framework on ＂South-North Trade Model＂ has been derived, on the implication of intangible factor endowments, and the research is conducted by theoretical induction, which expands the Factor Endowment Theory Framework. Focused on the evolution of national interest conflict from trade friction to strategic competition of exchange rate system between Japan and America, the Intangible Factor Endowment Hypothesis is tested empirically,