多糖对客体分子非共价改性的研究

Research Progress in Polysaccharides' Non-covalent Modification upon Guests

多糖一般来自于生物体,在自然界中广泛存在。它们有着复杂的化学结构、分子构象和生理功能,正越来越受到研究者的关注。多糖家族中的β-1,3-葡聚糖由于具有很强的螺旋结构形成能力而被研究得最多。碳纳米管由于具有优异的力学、电学、光学和热性能已成为有应用潜力的纳米材料。合成寡核苷酸在近年的研究中也显示出可能用于治疗疑难杂症。利用导电高分子和纳米颗粒制备出纳米纤维过去十年也受到了广泛关注。在上述三个领域β-1,3-葡聚糖都具有特殊的应用优势。本文综述了近年来对于多糖,尤其是β-1,3-葡聚糖在碳纳米管非共价改性、功能核苷酸的定向传递、导电高分子的包覆,以及作为聚合反应器、诱导纳米粒子排列和制备纳米线等方面的研究进展。

Polysaccharides are abundant organic compounds in nature, generally produced by living organisms. They exhibit a large variety of complex chemical structures, conformations and physiological functions, thus receiving ＂more and more concerns nowadays. Among polysaccharides family, β-1,3-glucans are the most extensively studied because of their inherent, strong helix-forming nature which has never been observed for other polysaccharides. Due to remarkable and unique mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties, carbon nanotubes have been one of the most promising nanomaterials. Recent studies have also shown that synthetic oligonucleotides are useful in treatment for various incurable diseases. In addition, how to produce a nanofiber structure for conductive polymers and nanoparticles have attracted much attention during the last decade. In the above three research fields, recent investigations have proved that the unique properties of polysaccharides can be utilized. The present paper makes a review of research progress on polysaccharides, especially β-1,3-glucans, mainly focusing on non-covalent modification of carbon nanotubes, targeting delivery of functional nucleotides, inclusion of conductive polymer, being a polymerization vessel and induction of arrangement of nanoparticles.