个体自我评价活动研究的可能性和必要性——关于个体自我评价活动的普遍性、非私人性及紧迫性的思考

Research Basis of Individual Self-evaluation Activition——Reflection on the Universality,Non-personal Nature and Urgency of Individual Self-evaluation Activities

杜威对自我评价活动的研究给我们两个重要启示。实践活动总包含有作为主体根据的目的和方法,而合理目的和有效方法的形成总与以目的和方法为对象的自我评价活动内在地联系在一起。个体自我评价活动的普遍性就在于它是人的生存方式。可以从维特根斯坦关于语言分析的角度和黑格尔关于现象与本质辩证关系的角度来进一步理解个体自我评价活动的非私人性。当代社会的个体自我认同危机的本质与自我评价活动的困境联系在一起,而互联网的虚拟交往更加深了自我认同的危机。这些都为对个体自我评价活动研究提供了可能性和必要性的根据。

Dewey＇s research on self-evaluation activities gives us two important revelations. Practical activities always involve goals and methods, which act as the basis of subject, While reasonable goals and efficient methods always have interior relation with self-evaluation activities, which target at goals and methods. The universality of individual self-evaluation activities is that it is the style of human life. We can make a further understanding of the non-private nature of individual self-evaluation activities from the perspective of Wittgenstein＇s linguistics and Hegel＇s theories of phenomenon and essence. There is a connection between the essence of individual self-evaluation crisis and the dilemma of self-evaluation activities of contemporary society. However, virtual contacts on Internet deepen the crisis of self-identity. All these provide foundation for the possibility and necessity of research on individual self-evaluation activities.