扩招前后我国高校规模经济计量分析——引入虚拟变量的生产函数法

The Analysis of Econometrics on Scale of Chinese Higher Education before and after Large-scale Enrollment——The introduction of the production function of dummy variable

始于1999年、止于2006年的大规模扩招是否影响、如何影响中国高等院校的规模经济,既是一个重要的理论问题,更是一个严肃的实际问题,它影响高等教育经济与管理的研究,影响政府和高校的决策。我们引入扩招分界点虚拟变量,估计出C-D生产函数模型。模型揭示:中国高等院校规模经济效应乘数由扩招前(1978～1998年)的1.1078提升到扩招后(1999～2008年)的1.7606;人力资本、物质资本对高校规模经济的贡献率发生对换,由扩招前的"二八贡献"转变为扩招后的"八二贡献"。扩招引致高校人力资本和物质资本的结构改善,利用效率提高,创新和服务社会的能力增强。

Whether the large-scale enrollment began in 1999, ended in 2006 affects or not and how it affects the scale economies of Chinese higher education is not only an important theoretical problem, but a serious practical problem. It influences the research on economics and management of higher education and decisions made by government and university. This essay introduces dummy variables of cut-off point in large-scale enrollment to estimate the C-D production function model. The model reveals： economic effect multiplier of Chinese universities increases from 1.1078 （1978 to 1998, before enrollment） to 1.7606 （1999-2008, after enrollment） . The contribution rate of Human capital and physical capital on scale economies of Chinese higher education has reversed from ＂ twenty-eighty contributions＂ before enrollment to the ＂eighty-twenty contributions＂ after enrollment. College Enrollment causes structural improvements of human capital and physical capital, promotion of use efficiency, and enhancement of innovation and service to the community capacity.