我国图书档案损毁研究学术思想的演变与发展

The evolution and development of the learned thought on the damage research of the books and archives in our country

我国自隋朝牛弘系统提出文献散佚的"五厄"论之后,历代又对此进行了补充,以明代胡应麟的"十厄"论最有代表性。近代对文献散佚的研究更加深入,陈登原将我国大小之"书厄"的原因概括为:政治、兵燹、藏弆、人事四大范畴。本文则将学者们的研究分为"历代图书档案损毁记录派"和"图书档案损毁研究派"两大派别。两派学者分别从微观和宏观层面对我国档案损毁的现象和规律进行了不懈的探讨,取得了超越前人的可喜成就。

Since Niu Hong in Sui Dynasty proposed the WuE theory,Chinese scholars have developed the theories of the damage to documents,and in ancient times the ShiE theory proposed by Hu Yinglin in Ming Dynasty was the most representative one.In modern times Cheng Dengyuan generalized the causes of the damage to documents in China into four categories,which included politics,war,improper behavior in the course of collection and improper behavior in the course of keeping.Researches in this field are divided into two groups in this article： the records of the damaged historical books/archives and researches on the damage to books/archives.Both of the group explored the phenomenon and law of the damage to Chinese archives and made great achievement which exceeded all the previous researches.