京郊新农村建设人居环境质量综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Human Settlement Quality in Beijing Suburban New Countryside

农村人居环境是农民生活品质的重要标志,农村人居环境质量的提高可以促进农村居住环境与社会、经济、资源环境之间的良性互动。通过对北京市首批市级新农村规划建设试点村的问卷调查,结合多元统计分析,探讨新农村建设以来京郊农村人居环境质量的要素特征、影响因素和发展水平。研究表明:相比新农村建设前,京郊农村人居环境在基础设施、公共服务设施、自然生态环境等方面取得较大改善;京郊农村人居环境质量的地域特征显著,近郊平原区优于其他地域类型;基础设施配套和社会协调水平对村民形成人居环境整体印象最为重要,收入状况、村内道路质量、垃圾处理设施、卫生所等因素对人居环境满意度有显著影响;加大对农村公共产品的投入和建设力度、建立设施的长效管护机制、增加农民收入是实现京郊农村人居环境优化的关键环节。

Rural human settlement is a significant sign of living standard of peasants, and its improvement can contribute to promoting the positive interaction between inhabited environment and social, economic and resource environment in the countryside. According to the field investigation in the first batch of pilot villages of new countryside planning and construction in Beijing, this paper attempts to discuss the elemental characteris- tics, influential factors and development levels of human settlement quality since new countryside construction being carried out in Beijing, and to seek for an optimization route to inprove human settlement quality based on urban-rural integrated development. In our study, the evaluation index system of human settlement quality is di- vided into 5 dimensions by using satisfaction evaluation method, which contains the levels of economic develop- ment, infrastructure facilities, public service facilities, ecological supports and social coordination, accordingly, the secondary indexes total up to 25. The results indicated that, firstly, with the construction of new countryside, great changes have taken place in the human settlements of suburban countryside in the aspects such as infra- structure, public services and natural environment. Secondly, the regional characteristics of human settlement quality are very remarkable in Beijing suburban new countryside, in which near-suburban area is better than oth- er regional types. Thirdly, matching infrastructure and social environment play the most important role for the residents to form their overall impression of human settlement, while those factors such as income, road condi- tion of villages, waste treatment facility, village clinics notably impact the satisfaction of human settlement. Finally, there are some key links to optimize the quality of human settlement, which include increasing peasant＇s income, enhancing investment and construction in rural public goods, and establishing a long-term management and protection mechanism to these public goods.