超越“汉化论”与“满洲特性论”:清史研究能否走出第三条道路?

Beyond "Sinicization" and the "Manchurian Identity":The Possibility of the Third Approach to Qing History Studies

以往的清史研究比较注意考察清朝统治与前朝的连续性,强调清朝皇帝对汉族文明的继承关系,故可以称之为"汉化论",近些年美国兴起的"新清史"则强调清朝的统治具有区别于前朝的特色,即依据满族的特性以及和蒙古的联盟建立起了"大一统"的政治格局,强调了对西北地区的征服和控制对于清朝统治的重要性。这两种观点各有优劣得失,清史研究仍应立足于对"中国"自身形成轨迹的历史考察,重新全面审视清朝的统治策略,整合两种思维的合理之处,从而走出一条更为合理的清史研究道路。

The Qing History studies used to focus on how Manchu government took regime of China,especially how they inherited traditional culture from the dynasties before.Whereas the rise of new Qing history school currently maintains the Manchurian identity of the rulers of Qing dynasty,on which the empire kept its unification.This article will look into the two trends of former studies and give a way to reconsider the policy of Qing dynasty to fulfill his dominion.