高山峡谷区水能开发高梯度生态效应研究——以怒江为例

Research on High Gradient Ecological Effects of Hydropower Development of Alleviaton District——A Case of Nujiang River

本文在对水能资源开发生态效应已有成果分析的基础上,以怒江为例,提出了高山峡谷区水能资源开发中的高梯度生态效应。怒江作为我国典型的高山峡谷区,其生态系统的垂直地带性差异明显,水能开发的生态效应在高梯度上差异明显。为了针对性地对高山峡谷区水电开发开展生态保护工作,本文还对怒江水能开发高梯度生态效应进行空间划分:2000m以下河谷地区受水电工程建设的影响较为直接;海拔2000～2500m之间土壤侵蚀敏感性较高,水电开发面临的生态脆弱性较高;而2500m以上则是怒江重要的生态功能保护区,直接受水电开发的影响较小,水电开发对生态系统的影响更多的体现为间接影响。

The paper proposes high gradient ecological effects in hydropower resource development of Alleviaton District with Nujiang River as example on the basis of analyzing existing achievement of hydropower resource development ecological effects. The ecological system vertical zone differences of Nujiang, as typical Alleviaton District in China, are prominent, and the ecological effect of hydropower development has prominent difference on high gradient. In order to develop ecological protection work on hydropower development of Alleviaton District with pertinence, the paper also divides the space of high gradient ecological effect of Nujiang hydropower development： the valley zone under 2000m is more directly affected by construction of hydropower projects, the soil erosion sensitivity with the altitude between 2000 and 2500m is higher, hydropower development is facing higher ecological vulnerability; the part above 2500m is an important ecological function protection zone of Nujiang, and it is little affected by hydropower development, and the influence of hydropower development on the ecological system is reflected as indirect effects.