基于人居环境资源视角的城市旅游吸引力要素研究

On Attraction Factors of Urban Tourism from the Perspective of Inhabitant Environment Resources

人居环境资源的开发与利用是资源系统观的具体体现。基于人居环境资源视角研究城市旅游吸引力,是保持和发展城市"人居环境"优势,并将其转换为现实旅游竞争力,从而彰显城市特色,促进城市经济发展的重要途径,是扩展资源开发视野,开展相关研究的新角度。优秀的人居环境应坚守以人为本、天人和谐的理念,彰显出对人性的终极关怀和对人与环境和谐共处的心向,人居环境的核心是人,从这一角度出发,城市旅游的开展也应该以人为本,进行整体论上的思考。通过量化研究显示,人与自然的和谐程度、人与人的和谐程度、人与社会的和谐程度不仅是人居环境资源水平的体现,与城市旅游的吸引力也呈显著性正相关,因此可从自然环境治理、民众教育以及目的地社会建设的维度入手,利用人居环境资源优势促进城市旅游吸引力的全面提升。

Humans cannot develop a harmonious relationship with the nature unless they completely recognize that they are a part of the nature system by a systemic concept of resources, which is embodied by development and utilization of inhabitant environment resources. Examining urban tourism attraction is a meaningful way to maintain and develop advantages of the inhabitant environment in a city. This may be helpful for converting them into real tourism competitiveness, manifesting urban features, and promoting urban economic development. On the one hand, what the inhabitant environment faces is the ＂biologic humans＂ and what it attempts to harmonize is the relationship between the humans and the nature. On the other hand, the inhabitant environment does face the ＂social humans＂. According to Marxism, a society is the summation of all production relations and the organic whole of people connected with each other on the basis of substance production activities together. The composing factors of a society are humans; therefore, the inhabitant environment should also harmonize the relationship between the humans and the society, and the relationships among humans. This paper investigates the natural system, human system, as well as the social system of the inhabitant environment through analyzing the relationship between the humans and the nature, the relationships among humans, and the relationship between the humans and the society. From the perspective of the ＂inhabitant environment＂, we adopted ＂the degree of harmony＂ to replace traditional methods to evaluate the quality and quantity of tourism resources, and formulated three hypotheses regarding the relationship between the ＂degree of harmony＂ of a city and its tourism attraction. In addition, we analyzed data collected by questionnaire surveys about tourists’ apperception and preference of the degree of harmony of the tourism cities, and discussed the attraction factors for urban tourism. We put forward that the degrees of harmony between the humans and the nature, people and people, the humans and the society, which are embodied in inhabitant environment optimization. They are positively correlated with the factor of urban tourism attraction. The quality of inhabitant environment resources could be improved by natural environmental treatment, public education, and social development, so as to fully promote urban tourism attractiveness by taking advantage of inhabitant environment resources. Improvement in quantity and quality of natural resources could form a solid foundation for natural environment treatment as a good urban natural environment. Public education policies involve education on service workers of the tourism industry, development of a system of scientific tourism, maintaining a normal and sound political and economic development and stabilization, and optimizing destination social construction of social and cultural environments.