面向寿命周期的装备资源性设计策略研究

A Study on Life Cycle-Oriented Equipment Resource-Ability Design Strategy

装备资源性是装备与资源、环境密切相关的一种属性。资源性设计是实现装备资源性的根本途径。资源性设计要充分考虑从资源获取到退役报废的装备全寿命周期过程,根据不同阶段的实际特点实施不同的设计策略。面向资源选择主要侧重能源与材料类型的选择;面向包装储运主要侧重绿色包装性的设计;面向使用维修主要侧重装备能耗水平和绿色维修性等设计;面向升级改造主要侧重可扩展性等设计;面向退役报废处理主要侧重可拆解性、可回收性等设计;绿色环保性设计、模块化和标准化设计基本贯穿于各个考虑阶段中。通过细致梳理面向不同阶段的资源性设计准则,为资源性设计实践提供了充分参考借鉴。装备资源性设计需要综合考虑寿命周期各个阶段的情况,实施有针对性的设计策略,才能使装备在后续的寿命周期过程表现出良好的资源性水平。本文重点梳理了面向不同寿命周期阶段,资源性设计的侧重点与设计准则,丰富了装备资源性的理论内涵,为资源性设计从理论向实践转化提供了有力支撑。

Resource-ability is an attribute which is closely related to resources and the environment. Resource-ability design is a fundamental way to implement equipment resource-ability. Resource-ability design should fully account for the equipment total life cycle that from resource acquisition to retired or scrap phrase, and implement different layout strategies in terms of the characteristics for different stages. Considering the constraints of traditional fossil energy, metal resources, environmental bearing capacity, and other respects that we are faced with, resource-oriented design tends to select the material and energy type. It enables one to select the type that is of the ability to achieve sustainability and select green clean material or energy type, which can reduce the dependence of equipment on scarce resources, improve the environment-friendly attribute of equipment, and improve the energy consumption structure as well. Manufacture oriented design primarily places particular emphasis on the design for manufacturability in order to produce the equipment with the lowest expenses, consumption and the shortest time, and achieve necessary quality and performance demand. Packaging and transporting-oriented design primarily places particular emphasis on the design for green packageability. Maintenance-support oriented design puts particular emphasis on the design for the level of energy consumption and green maintainability, including the control and optimization of the energy consumption level of equipment, structure simplification, maintaining reachability, testability, prevention against error, resource recycling ability, and environmental and personnel security. Upgrade and transform oriented design puts particular emphasis on the design for extensibility. It is mainly concerned with changing and installing additional and transforming functions of the equipment system in the future during the course of design, so as to take relevant design measures to guarantee successful upgrading and transformation. Retirement and scrapping oriented design puts particular emphasis on the design for dismantlability and recycling ability, easy to dismantle, identify and classify, and beneficial to recycling utilization, and easy to reprocess harmlessly, so as to maximum the potential of resources. Design for environmental protection, modularization, and standardization goes through each stage of the total life cycle. This study offers meaningful reference for the practice of resource-ability design.