物权法规则的空缺结构:认真对待实际物权

Vacant Structure of the Property Law:A Serious Look at the Real Property Right

物权法规则存在着固有的空缺结构。依我国《物权法》第六条之规定,不动产的变更、取得均须登记始生效力。我国不动产登记主要采取形式审查,一般不涉及实质审查,这就可能造成不动产物权的登记权利人和真正权利人不相符,以致实际物权和名义物权的对立。鉴于此,应设立一种制度:物权虽经登记,但经真正权利人证明登记的名义物权不具有正当性,则其应获得实际物权,名义物权人和实际物权人理应重归统一。应允许司法者运用合理司法裁量权以使实际物权人获得司法审查的最终救济路径,从而填补物权法规则的漏洞。

There exists inherent vacant structure in the rules of the Property Law. According .to the provisions of Article VI of China＇s Property Law, changes and acquisition of real estate shall become effective only after registration is made. In China, the registration of real estate mainly adopts formal examination, generally not involving substantive examination, which may cause the registered owner of the real estate property not consistent with the real owner, thus the actual property and the nominal property stand on opposite sides. In view of this, such a system should be set up that al- though a property right is registered, once the actual owner proves that the registered nominal property does not have the legitimacy, the actual owner shall have the actual property, the nominal property and the actual property should be re-unified. The judiciary should be allowed to exercise reasonable judicial discretion to let the actual owner of the property have the final relief access to judicial examination, so as to fill the loopholes in the rules of the Property Law.