诠释方法论意识的觉醒——从新教神学到浪漫主义诠释学

The Awakening of Consciousness of Hermeneutical Methodology:From Protestant to Romantic Hermeneutics

自然科学的解释模式,推进了现代诠释学方法论体系的建构,但并未直接催生现代诠释学。其间经历了新教神学诠释学与浪漫主义诠释学两次理论转折。在新教神学那里,科学方法理念与新教神学倡导的"文本原则"所内含的"解经方法论"要求相互激荡,萌生了方法论意识的自觉,建构起一种普遍的诠释规则体系;而浪漫主义诠释学逐渐形成的诠释方法论意识之反思,使来自自然科学方法论的推动力转化为内在的动力,并基于不同的立场对诠释学的诸要素进行划分和哲理阐发;从不同的角度对诠释学的学科性质、理解与解释的类型及其理论依据做出了深入探索。正是在此基础上,施莱尔马赫才有可能建立作为现代诠释学最初形态的一般诠释学。

The explanatory pattern of natural science facilitated the construction of the methodological system of modern hermeneutics but did not lead directly to the emergence of hermeneutics.The intervening period saw the succession of two theoretical approaches,namely Protestant and romantic hermeneutics.In the case of Protestant theology,the ideas of scientific methodology interacted with the 'methodology of exegesis' inherent in the principle of 'textual interpretation' advanced by Protestant theology,giving rise to a methodological consciousness and a universal system of rules of interpretation.In the case of romantic hermeneutics,the growth of reflection on hermeneutic methodology changed the original stimulus from scientific methodology to an innate impulse;it also categorized and provided a theoretical elucidation of the factors in hermeneutics on the basis of a distinct stance.From a different perspective,romantic hermeneutics probes deeply into the disciplinary nature of hermeneutics and into types of understanding and interpretation and their theoretical foundations.It was on the basis of these developments that Schleiermacher finally established general hermeneutics,the initial form of modern hermeneutics.