“公平”抑或“美善”道德教育哲学基础的再思考

"Equity" or "Goodness"——Reconsideration on the Philosophical Basis of Moral Education

不论是将道德的核心建基于"利益平等"抑或"公平",都始终是在群体伦理规范的意义上谈论个体道德价值,这只能将个体内在道德尺度引向道德之外的"利益比较"的物质层面,而不能有效逼近人们心中的价值核心——爱或美善。个体的道德实践不是对群体伦理规范本身的刻意满足,也不是为了寻求个体之间的"利益平等"抑或"公平",而是出于保持自身行为美善的精神需求。爱或美善是一切道德实践得以可能和一切道德规范得以生成的价值前提,道德实践是一种建立在道德自足(自爱)基础上的价值选择。道德教育的价值使命在于使人养成对其内在固有的美善法则的价值选择。

The past moral education theories have taken the collective ethic as individual morality, either they have regarded the core of morality as ＂equal interest＂ or ＂equity＂, which could only lead individual inner moral criterion to the ＂interest comparison＂ beyond morality, and that could not press close to the core value as love or goodness in one＇s heart. The individual moral practice is neither to meet the collective ethic criterion painstakingly nor to seek the ＂interest equality＂ or ＂equity＂ between individuals, but to cater for one/s own spiritual need as keeping the deeds always good. Love or goodness is the value premise for any moral practice to be possible and any moral criterion to be generated. Moral practice is a value choice based on moral self-sufficiency （self-love）. The mission of moral education is to cultivate individual inner intrinsic value choice for the principle of goodness.