卫星跟踪卫星测量模式中关键载荷精度指标不同匹配关系论证

Demonstration on Different Matching Relationship of Accuracy Indexes of Key Payloads in the Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking Mode

本文基于改进的能量守恒法,对GRACE星载K波段星间测量系统、GPS接收机和SuperSTAR加速度计精度指标的不同匹配关系进行了系统论证。模拟结果表明:第一,各关键载荷精度指标呈线性匹配关系;第二,由于耗散能表现为累积变化特性,加速度计误差对恢复重力场的贡献不同于其它载荷;第三,以K波段星间测速精度指标1～10μm/s为标准并结合其它载荷匹配指标,在120阶处大地水准面累积误差为17.6～174.8cm,1.5°×1.5°重力异常累积误差为0.3～2.8mGal,其中K波段星间测速精度指标取1μm/s时,结果与德国地学研究中心(GFZ)公布的EIGEN-GRACE02S地球重力场模型符合较好;第四,建议我国将来采用的卫星跟踪卫星测量模式中关键载荷精度指标设计为星间测速1～3μm/s、轨道位置3～10cm、轨道速度0.03～0.10mm/s和非保守力0.3～1.0nm/s2较优。本文的研究为将来GRAIL月球重力探测计划和太阳系其它行星探测计划(如火星)中全球重力场的精确和快速测量提供了理论基础和计算保证。

The different matching relationships of accuracy indexes from GRACE on-board K-band ranging system,GPS receiver and SuperSTAR accelerometer are demonstrated systematically based on an improved energy conservation principle.The simulated results show：Firstly,accuracy indexes of GRACE key payloads display linear matching relationship;Secondly,due to the representation of characteristics of cumulative variation in dissipative energy,the contribution of accelerometer errors to the Earth＇s gravitational field is different from other key payloads;Thirdly,taking 1～10μm/s of accuracy indexes from K-band ranging system as a standard associated with accuracy indexes of other key payloads,cumulative geoid height errors are 17.6～174.8cm and 1.5°×1.5° cumulative gravity anomaly errors come to 0.3～2.8mGal at degree 120,which preferably agree with EIGEN-GRACE02S published by GFZ in Germany when accuracy indexes of K-band ranging system is 1μm/s;Lastly,it is proposed that optimal accuracy indexes of key payloads are designed as 1～3μm/s of intersatellite range-rate,3～10cm of orbital position,0.03～0.10mm/s of orbital velocity and 0.3～1.0 nm/s^2 of nonconservative force in the future satellite-to-satellite tracking mode in China.This study will provide theoretical foundation and calculational guarantee for accurate and rapid determination of global gravitational field in the lunar gravity exploration program GRAIL and planetary exploration missions（e.g.Mars） in the solar system in future.