2009年全国随机抽样碘盐监测结果分析

Analysis on iodized salt surveillance by randomly sampling in China in 2009

目的准确、及时、连续掌握全国碘盐普及状况及重点地区的非碘盐冲销情况。方法监测方法参见卫生部2007年颁布的《全国碘缺乏病监测方案(试行)》。碘盐检测采用GB/T 13025.7-1999中直接滴定法,川盐、强化盐和不确定的非碘盐采用仲裁法定量测定。合格碘盐判定标准为(35±15)mg/kg(20～50 mg/kg);非碘盐判定标准为<5 mg/kg。结果全国居民碘盐覆盖率为98.42%,合格碘盐食用率为96.40%。在省级水平,全国只有西藏的居民碘盐覆盖率<90%;合格碘盐食用率低于90%的有西藏和海南2省(区)。在县级水平,全国有2 760个县(市、区、旗)和新疆生产建设兵团师碘盐覆盖率≥90%,有56个县(市、区、旗)碘盐覆盖率<80%。全国有95.41%的县(市、区、旗)和新疆生产建设兵团师居民合格碘盐食用率达到了90%以上。结论国家重视、目标明确、措施有效是我国碘盐覆盖水平稳步提高的主要原因。碘盐覆盖率较低的县仍然相对集中在西藏、新疆、海南等未实现消除碘缺乏病的省(区)。巩固防治成果,缩小地区之间防治水平上的差距是今后消除碘缺乏病的主要工作。

Objective To accurately,timely and continuously understand household consumption of iodized salt（IS） at national level and non-iodized salt distribution in those areas with low iodized salt coverage.Methods Detailed surveillance method could be found in national iodized salt surveillance scheme,issued by MOH in 2007.The iodine concentrations in salt were detected by the method of direct titration with national standard of GB/T 13025.7-1999.Some special salt such as the salt from Sichuan and nutritious salt was tested by the arbitration with national standard of GB/T 13025.7-1999.The iodine content in qualified iodized salt was set as between 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg and that in non-iodized salt was set as below 5 mg/kg.Results In 2009,at national level,household iodized salt and qualified iodized salt coverage rate were 98.42% and 96.40%,respectively.At province level,only Tibet had IS coverage rate lower than 90%;Besides Tibet,Hainan would be another one whose coverage rate was lower than 90%.At county level,2 760 counties and Xinjiang production and construction corps had iodized salt coverage above 90%,with 56 counties＇ coverage rate lower than 80%.Over 90% of household consumed qualified IS in most（95.41%） counties and Xinjiang production and construction corps.Conclusion National policy,clear objectives and effective measures resulted in stable improvement of iodized salt coverage in China.The counties with low coverage of iodized salt still mainly located in the provinces that did not achieve the goal of IDD elimination,such as Tibet,Xinjiang and Hainan.Future work of IDD elimination will focus on consolidating the achievements of IDD control and minimizing the gap between different areas.