旱雀麦形态学遗传多样性研究

Morphological genetic diversity research of Bromus tectorum germplasm

对12份旱雀麦（Bromus tectorum）材料的31个性状做形态学遗传多样性分析。结果表明,变异系数范围为3.90%~37.76%,变异系数较大的性状有穗轴第一节间长、小穗数、分蘖数、第二颖脉数、小穗长、小穗小花数。前7个主成分累积贡献率为87.96%,主轴轮生分枝数、叶片长、穗长、小花数、分枝着生小穗数、小穗长、株高、分枝长、叶片宽等性状对主成分的载荷较大。对形态性状做聚类分析,性状间相关性较高的有叶片长、主轴轮生小穗数、秆直径和穗节数之间,小花数和小穗小花数之间,叶片宽和小穗数之间,叶舌长和秆节数之间,内稃长和小穗长之间,外稃宽、内稃宽和颖果长之间,株高、第一颖长和外稃长之间。对材料做聚类分析,共分为3类：来源于新疆尼勒克的1份材料单独聚为一类;来源于美国、新疆布尔津和昭苏地区的材料聚为另一类;来源于新疆尼勒克、温泉、富蕴、特克斯、昭苏、新源地区的材料聚为第三类;形态多样性研究可为育种研究奠定基础。

Phenotype diversity for 31 morphological traits of 12 Bromus tectorum germplasm materials from China were analyzed.The results showed that coefficient variation ranged from 3.90% to 37.36%,the length of rhachis,spikelet number,tiller number,pulse number of second glume length,spikelet length,floret number in spikelet showed a relative larger variation.The 1-7 principal components summarized the variation to 87.96%.Ramify number whorled each internode of spindle,leaf length,ear length,floret number,spikelet number on in ramify,spikelet length,stem height,ramify length,leaf width contribute more to main components.Clustering analysis of 31 morphological traits showed that leaf length,ramify number whorled every internode of spindle,stalk diameter,ear internode number,floret number,floret number in spikelet,leaf width,spikelet number,ligulate length,stalk internode number,glumella length,spikelet number,lemma width,glumella width,caryopsis length,stem height,first glume length,lemma length exhibited higher correlation each other.All of materials were classified into three categories through clustering analysis： the materials from Xinjiang Nileke as separate one,the materials from American,Xinjiang Buerjin and Zhaosu＇s as second one,the other materials together for third category.Morphological diversity research laid the foundation for breeding.