宕昌县滩子牧场草地类型及生产力分析

Study on the grassland type and productivity of Tanzi pasture in Danchang County

于2008年7月,对甘肃省宕昌县滩子牧场草地生产力进行调查,利用GIS技术绘制草地类型图,并对其家畜承载力进行评价。经调查,滩子牧场总面积2 449 hm2,草地类型属山地草甸类,可划分为3个草地组8种草地型。其中,杂类草组包括防风(Saposhnikovia divaricata)+草玉梅(Anemone rivilaris)+烟管草(Scutellaria in-dica)型、珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)+嵩草(Kobresiasp.)+防风型、马莲(Iris ensata)+草玉梅+大蓟(Cirsium sp.)型,莎草组包括华扁穗草(Blysmus sp.)+橐吾(Ligularia sp.)型、华扁穗草+鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla sp.)+马先蒿(Pedicularis sp.)型,灌木组包括金露梅(P.fruticosa)+高山柳(Salix sp.)-珠芽蓼型、金露梅-珠芽蓼+鹅绒委陵菜型、黄瑞香(Daphne giraldii)-防风+草玉梅型。当草地利用率为50%时,可食牧草产量为3 078 t,理论载畜量为2 810羊单位;而实际载畜量为11 645羊单位,后者是前者的4.14倍,草地严重超载。建议实行天然草地补播改良,建立人工刈草地和划区轮牧,以提高滩子牧场草地生产力。

The productivity and carrying capacity of Tanzi pasture in Tanchang County,Gansu Province,was investigated and charted by GIS in July 2008.The total area of grassland was 2 449 ha.The grassland belonged to montane meadow type,and had 3 groups and 8 formations.The forb group included 3 formations,that was Umbelliferae ＋ Anemone rivilaris ＋ Carpesium cernuum,Polygonum viviparum ＋ Kobresia ＋ Saposhnikovia divaricata,Iris ensata＋Anemone rivilaris ＋ Cirsium.The sedge group included 2 formations,that was Blysmus ＋ Ligularia,Bysmus ＋ Potentilla ＋ Pedicularis.The shrub group included 3 formations,that was P.fruticosa＋Salix ＋ P.viviparum,P.fruticosa ＋ P.viviparum ＋ Potentilla,Daphne giraldii ＋ Saposhnikovia divaricata ＋ Anemone rivilaris.The forage yield was 3 078 t/ha under the grazing intensity of 50%,the carrying capacity was 2 810 sheep units.To improve the grassland productivity,the ways of reseeding,cutting and rotational grazing should be putted into practice.