人膝关节不同角度下外侧副韧带生物力学研究

Biomechanical study of the lateral collateral ligament at different angles in the knee joint of human

目的确定正常膝关节屈膝过程中外侧副韧带的生物力学变化关系。方法取自愿捐献的6具成年男性人尸体膝关节标本固定于人造运动夹具上,通过电子试验机对膝关节轴向加载400N负荷模拟膝关节正常受力,分别在膝关节屈曲0°、30°、60°、90°时,采用压力感受器测定外侧副韧带所承受的应变。结果外侧副韧带所承受的应变在屈膝0°、30°、60°及90°时分别为:(0.0±1.6)με,(-17.3±8.6)με,(-24.0±4.8)με及(26.5±4.7)με。在屈膝30°和60°时应变值无明显差异(P>0.05),0°和90°时应变值明显改变,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论屈膝过程中,外侧副韧带的应力呈先稍减小后逐渐增加趋势,膝关节在0°位时,膝关节处于"扣锁"状态,受力均衡;在屈膝90°位时,外侧副韧带最紧张,处于易受损伤的高危状态。为临床外侧副韧带损伤的早期正确诊治提供理论依据。

【Objective】 To establish a quantitative biomechanical relationship of the lateral collateral ligament（LCL） in the course of genuflex.【Methods】 The specimens in this experiment are 6 normal adult male cadaveric knee joints which was donated by voluntary.All LCL straining of the 6 specimens lying on the self-made movement tooting were measured by strain gauges at different angles（0°,30°,60°and 90°） under axial loads 400 N by e-testing machine for simulation of the normal knee joint force.【Results】 The strain of the LCL were as follows at 0°,30°,60°and 90°：（0.0±1.6）με,（-17.3±8.6）με,（-24.0±4.8）με and（26.5±4.7）με.There is no significant difference in 30° and 60° flexion（P 0.05）,but significant difference in 0° and 90° flexion（P 0.05） at different angles.【Conclusion】 In the course of genuflex,all LCL straining of the lateral collateral ligament become decreased Slightly at beginning,then increased gradually.In 0° flexion,the knee joint is at the state of ＇screw home＇ and the LCL straining of the knee is balanced.In 90° flexion,the LCL became very tense and thereby at the high risk of injury.So,it provides a theoretical evidence in clinical situations for the LCL injury in the early correct diagnosis and treatment.