三峡典型区农村居民点格局及人居环境适宜性评价研究

RESEARCH ON THE LANDSCAPE OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND HUMAN SETTLEMENT ENVIRONMENT SUITABILITY EVALUATION IN THREE GORGES TYPICAL REGIONS

与我国平原区农村居民点呈团簇状分布不同,三峡库区农村居民点规模小、密度大、分布散乱,呈现出"满天星"状的分布格局。以渝北、万州和秭归移民区作为三峡典型区,利用面向对象分类和监督分类相结合的方法从高分辨率遥感影像提取了农村居民点。在此基础上利用GIS技术对农村居民点空间分布规律特征和制约农村居民点分布的要素如海拔、坡度、坡向、道路、水源等进行了分析;借鉴农用地评价方法,利用评价中的多指标综合评价法,结合层次分析法(AHP)生成人居环境适宜性评价图。研究结果表明,三峡农村居民点受到海拔、坡度、坡向等因子的影响呈现出较明显的空间分布规律。三峡典型区农村居民点格局及人居环境适宜性评价结果为农村居民点布局的合理规划提供了参考和依据。

Most rural residential areas in plain are centralized in China. Different with those rural residential areas, the rural residential areas in Three Gorges reservoir area are small-scale, high-density and very scattered,which form the unique landscape just like stars in sky. The emigration areas of Yubei,Wanzhou and Zigui were chosen as the typical regions of Three Gorges. The method that combines Object-oriented classi- fication and supervised classification was used in the paper to extract the information of rural residential areas from high-resolution remote sensing data. On the basis of the classification result, the paper made use of geographic information system （GIS） technique to analyze rural residential areas distribution characteristics and the factors that can affect rural residential areas distribution such as elevation, slope, aspect, road, water source,etc. Moreover,the paper learned from rural land evaluation method,and made use of multi-index integral evaluation method combing with analytical hierarchy process （AHP） to get the human settlement environment suitability evaluation map. The result shows that it exists evident spatial distribution law between rural residential areas and the impact factors such as elevation, slope and aspect, etc. The research on landscape of rural residential areas and human settlement environment suitability evaluation can give support to the government for taking measures on rural residential areas planning.