多分量地震数据处理技术研究现状

A review of the multi-component seismic data processing

多波多分量地震勘探技术综合利用纵波和横波信号进行勘探。多分量地震资料处理技术以弹性波理论为基础,依据资料处理流程不同,可以将其分为两类:①基于标量波波场理论的波场分离多分量处理技术,该技术已经形成了较完善的处理流程并进入实用阶段,其中主要包括波场分离、横波静校正、转换横波速度分析及转换横波偏移成像等核心技术。②基于矢量波波场理论的多波联合处理技术,该技术具有较好的理论基础,能够更好地保持地震数据的原始信息,但目前尚处于研究和实验阶段,与其相配套的相关技术仍不完善,对于多分量地震实际资料的处理没有形成完整的处理流程。多波多分量技术是解决目前复杂油气藏勘探的有效手段,是地震勘探发展的必然趋势。

Multi-wave and multi-component seismic exploration can fully utilize the signals of P-wave and S-wave.The technology of multi-component seismic data processing is based on the theory of elastic wave.According to processing steps,it can be classified into two kinds of techniques：（1） The wave field separation processing technology based on the scalar wave field theory.It has formed complete processing steps and can be used into practice,with core technologies of decomposition of multi-wave field,static correction of converted wave,velocity analysis of converted wave,migration of converted wave,etc.（2） The multi-component joint processing technology based on the vector wave field theory.It has a better theoretical foundation and can well maintain the original information of seismic data.But it is still in the research and experimental stage,and cannot form a complete processing flow to meet the need of processing of actual multi-component seismic data.The related technologies still need improvement and development.Multi-wave multi-component technology is the effective solution for solving complex geological and geophysical problems and is the development trend of seismic exploration.