烃类物质在海面的赋存特征与遥感检测——以中国南海海域为例

Expression of hydrocarbon on sea surface and its remote sensing detection:Taking the South China Sea area as an example

为了及时获取烃油膜在海面的分布信息、追踪油膜的发生与演变,在中国南海开展了星地同步SAR卫星观测试验,采取定点等时间间隔的方式生成油膜,应用高分辨率Cosmo X-SAR雷达数据研究海面烃类油膜扩散的时空演变特征。通过对海面烃类油膜进行两次(间隔半小时)卫星成像,对烃类油膜雷达后向散射特征进行反演分析,认为油膜扩散作用具有由增强到减弱的变化规律;油膜破碎多发生于沿扩散主轴的具弱后向散射特征处;在海面低风速条件下,油膜漂移速度稳定。卫星遥感技术为海面油膜检测提供了一种快速、有效、低成本的区域性检测手段,对于海洋油气勘探前期有利区域评估和海上油气安全生产监管具有积极意义。

To timely acquire the distribution information of hydrocarbon oil slick on the sea surface and track the generation and evolution of oil slick,the satellite simultaneous SAR observation experiment has been conducted in South China Sea.The oil slick was generated at regular intervals.The Cosmo X-SAR with high resolution was used to study the features of spatial-time evolution of oil slick spread on the sea surface.Through twice satellite imaging（half an hour interval） on hydrocarbon slick on the sea surface,the inversion analysis of SAR backscatter features has been conducted and it is thought that the damping effect of oil slick on sea surface waves changes with the trend from increasing to decreasing during the period of oil slick spread.Oil slicks break at weak link locations with relative low backscatter features along the main spreading axis.Drifting speed of oil slick is stable under the conditions of low wind speed on the sea surface.Remote sensing has been proven to be a powerful tool for oil slick detection due to its fast acquisition,low-cost and regional observation capability,which has great significance for the potential prospect evaluation in the early stage of offshore petroleum exploration and for the safe monitoring in the offshore petroleum development.