论“黄氏体制”在北宋画院确立“标准”之原因

On Reason of the Establishment of ‘Huang’s System’ in the Painting Academy of the North Song Dynasty

宋太宗见徐熙的作品《石榴》后,感叹徐熙的绘画技艺高超,并"遍示群臣,俾为标准"。但实际上,北宋前期画院却是"黄氏体制"风靡朝野,并成为一时之标准,统治北宋前期近百年之久。其原因除了有一定的人为因素,更重要的是黄氏父子黄筌、黄居寀绘画才能超群,受到赵宋皇家和士大夫的认同,这是"黄氏体制"成为北宋画院"标准"的内在原因。黄氏父子绘画风格继承并发展了唐代绘画的优秀传统,使得黄氏父子的画风有着"正统"身份,正好迎合了宋初的政治需要,这便是"黄氏体制"在北宋画院确立"标准"的直接原因。

After seeing Xu Xi’s Megranate, Song Taizusighed Xu Xi’s high technique in painting, and ‘showedto all the officials, and asked them to take it as thestandard’. But in fact, in the early period of the PaintingAcademy of the North Song, ‘Huang’s system’ waspopular, and became the standard of that time, andlead the early North Song for nearly a century. Be-sides certain human factor, the more important reasonwas that the painting skills of Huang Quan’s and HuangJucai’s were outstanding, and praised by emperorsand intellectual officials of that dynasty. This is theinner reason for the ‘Huang’s system’ becoming the‘standard’ of the Painting Academy of the North Song Dynasty. Painting style of the Huangs’ inherited anddeveloped the excellent tradition of that in the TangDynasty, which made Huangs’ painting style were withthe identity of ‘legitimacy’, and fit the political need ofthe early Song. This is the direct reason for the‘Huang’s system’ becoming the ‘standard’ of the Paint-ing Academy of the North Song Dynasty.