基于GIS和景观生态学的土地整理景观研究

A Study of Landscape Pattern of Land Consolidation Based on GIS and Landscape Ecology

运用G IS技术和景观生态学理论方法,以安徽省淮南市潘集区市级投资重点土地整理项目为例,选取3类景观指标,对项目区内土地整理前后的土地利用现状和景观格局变化情况进行研究。结果表明:景观类型中水田斑块占绝对优势,斑块分维数、形状指数呈下降趋势,表明斑块形状趋于规则和简单;斑块数量和斑块密度降低,平均斑块面积和最大斑块面积增加,最大斑块指数增大,景观破碎度降低;平均分维数和平均形状指数增大,表明景观形状较整理前变得规则,但总体形态变得复杂;多样性指数和均匀度指数降低,表明在增加了景观分布均匀程度的同时降低了景观的多样性,景观类型有所减少。

Using GIS technology as well as theory and methods of landscape ecology, the authors studied landscape pattern of land consolidation. Exemplified by the land consolidation key project for Huainan city, the authors selected three targets and probed into the land use situation and landscape pattern before and after land consolidation. The changes of land use structure and landscape patterns based on land consolidation were analyzed using Geographical Information System combined with the method of landscape ecology, and some results were obtained. First, paddy fields are predominant in the landscape pattern, and the patch fractal dimension and the shape parameters tend to decrease gradually, indicating that the pattern of patches has become regular and simple. Second, the number of landscape patches and patch densities are relatively low, the average patch area and the maximum patch area increase, and the maximum patch index rises steadily. All this shows that landscape diversity has been reduced simultaneously with the increase of the landscape distribution uniformity.