珠江三角洲地区浅层地下水铍的分布及成因探讨

Distribution of beryllium in shallow groundwater of the Zhujiang Delta and a preliminary analysis of its origin

通过对珠江三角洲地区900余组浅层地下水样中铍及铝、pH值等元素的分析,研究了珠江三角洲浅层地下水中铍的分布特征,探讨了铍的主要影响因素及其成因。结果表明,珠江三角洲地区浅层地下水中铍的含量介于0~40.3μg.L-1,普遍低于0.5μg.L-1,平均值0.66μg.L-1。超标点仅零散分布于广州、深圳、东莞、佛山和惠州地区,超标率2.24%。地下水铍污染呈局部点状分布特征。pH值和铝是影响该区地下水中铍分布的最主要因素。偏酸及高铝含量的地下水及土壤环境为铍的迁移提供了有利条件。岩石风化及天然土壤的形成是地下水中铍的来源之一,人类活动造成的污染对地下水铍超标有重要贡献。

The distribution of beryllium-bearing shallow groundwater and the major factors affecting beryllium enrichment were studied in this paper on the basis of chemical data of beryllium,aluminum and pH of more than 900 groups of groundwater samples collected in the Zhujiang Delta.The results show that beryllium content varies from 0 to 40.3μg·L-1,mostly lower than 0.5μg·L-1,and that the average content of beryllium is 0.66μg·L-1.The points in excess of the standard are only scattered in Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Dongguan,Foshan and Huizhou,with the standard-exceeding rate being 2.24%.Beryllium contamination of groundwater has shown characteristics of local spot distribution.The pH and aluminum are the major factors affecting the distribution of beryllium in groundwater.Acidic and high aluminum content in groundwater and soil provides favorable conditions for the migration of beryllium.Rock weathering and natural soil formation are sources of beryllium in groundwater,and pollution caused by human activities has made an important contribution to the standard-exceeding phenomenon of beryllium in groundwater.