手工业生产专业化的考古学研究

An Archaeological Study of the Specialization of Handicraft Production

手工业生产专业化的程度和形式被认为是衡量社会复杂化程度或文明化进程的重要指标。本文首先对西方有关手工业生产专业化的考古学研究作了简单回顾,提出近二十年来相关研究表现出三个特点:一是研究视野的扩展;二是日益重视运用多种手段从考古资料中榨取相关信息;三是解释理论日益多样化。文章对国内的相关研究也进行了回顾,提出应加强对早期专业化生产的研究,对各主要史前文化区手工业生产专业化特征的总结和对专业化发展动因的深入探讨。文章认为,利用中国丰富的考古学资料,借鉴西方的理论和方法,加强理论在研究中的指导作用,加强注重认识特殊的个案研究,手工业生产专业化的考古学研究必将在我国取得更大进展,并为认识中国文明起源提供新的视角。

The development of craft specialization has long been regarded as an important mark of the development of social complexity or the origin of civilization. The paper firstly gives a brief review on the archaeological research of craft specialization in the West and points out three new trends in the past two decades ： the extending of research scope, the increasing attention on multi - disciplines methods, and the increasing diversity of theories for interpretation, The paper also provides a brief review of the researches in China and argues that by combining the abundant data in China and the theories and methods from the West, we can expect a great grogress of the archaeological researches on craft specialization in China, which will provides new perspectives for our interpretation on the origin of Chinese civiliaztion.