知识运用与实践能力培养——兼论以实践能力培养为导向的教学改革

Discussion on Knowledge Using and Cultivation of Practical Ability——Also on Teaching Reform Oriented Cultivation of Practical Ability

在当今知识经济时代,出现了一种对系统知识依赖程度极高的"知识型实践"。与这种实践形态对应的实践能力的形成过程,主要是一种灵活运用知识解决实际问题的过程。其基本环节包括:发现并确认问题、生成问题解决方案、实施方案、监控并调整方案以最终解决问题。为促进学生能灵活运用知识解决问题,知识学习过程应同实际生活情境密切沟通,以达到知识学习与知识运用能力的双向建构。知识运用与实践的能力培养,要求教学目标的定位、教学内容的呈现方式、教学过程与方法的组织等,均要做出相应的变革和调整。

The ＂knowledge-based practice＂,which is highly dependent on the organized knowledge,is proposed in today＇s knowledge economy era.The formation process of the practical ability corresponding to it,essentially,is to make use of the knowledge to solve practical problems flexibly.The basic steps are：to find and identify problems,to generate solutions to problems,to implement the program,and to monitor and adjust the program to solve the problem eventually.In order to promoting students to make use of knowledge to solve problems flexibly,the knowledge learning process should be in close communication with the real life,such that the knowledge learning and the ability to apply knowledge are achieved in a two-way construction type.The application of the knowledge and the cultivation of the practice ability require appropriate changes and adjustments to be made in the orientation of teaching objectives,the way to present the teaching content,and organization of the teaching process.