中国社会政策变迁中的专家参与模式研究

Behavioral Patterns of Expert Participation in Social Policy Changes in China

进入新世纪以来,中国政府出台了一系列有利于弱势群体的社会政策,在政策制定过程中我们经常能看到专家的身影。专家在参与中国社会政策变迁的过程中到底扮演着什么样的角色?本文从理论上讨论中国社会政策变迁的属性与专家参与模式之间的机理关系。作者选取社会政策变迁的两个关键属性:"损失嵌入性"和"知识复杂性",构建了一个社会政策变迁的分类模型,并界定了4种相应的专家参与模式。本研究运用利益相关者分析方法,对中国4个社会政策变迁的案例进行了比较研究,从中较清晰地勾勒出专家参与中国社会政策变迁的不同模式。

Since the beginning of the 21st century,the Chinese government has released a series of social policies preferential to disadvantaged groups,in which experts frequently participated. What roles are the Chinese experts playing in the process of social policy changes? This paper constructs a theoretical model to explain the relationship between the characteristics of Chinese social policy change and behavioral patterns of expert participation. Two key characteristics,namely,'loss embeddedness'and'knowledge complexity',are employed to form four types of social policy changes. Experts adopt four behavioral patterns in different types of social policy changes. Using a methodology of stakeholder analysis,this paper conducts comparative policy studies based on four cases to articulate behavioral patterns of expert participation in social policy changes in China. These policy cases include the new urban medical care system,promotion of the new-type rural cooperative medical care system,the new economically affordable urban housing policy,and revocation of detention and repatriation system.