城市农民工与本地居民社会距离影响因素分析——以上海为例

Influence Factors Analysis of Social Distance between Migrants and Residents in Shanghai

缩小城市农民工与本地居民之间的社会距离,促进农民工尽快融入城市社会,是建设和谐城市、推动城市化健康发展的重要途径。但如何缩小城市农民工和本地居民之间的社会距离则成为目前面临的巨大困难。本文以上海为例建立了城市农民工与本地居民社会距离的影响因素模型,分析城市农民工与本地居民社会距离的影响因素及其作用机制,发现社会资本有助于缩小本地居民和农民工之间的社会距离,个人拥有的社会资本越广泛丰富越有利于消除群体之间的偏见并改变农民工对自身的身份认同,缩小本地居民和农民工的社会距离;同群效应则可以强化城市农民工和本地居民群体价值判断的趋同性,从而对二者之间的社会距离有双向作用。如同群效应强化群体共同的偏见,则有扩大二者社会距离的倾向。

Diminishing social distance between urban residents and migrant workers is important to the integration of migrants into urban society and the construction of a harmonious society. However,how to diminish social distance between the two groups is a tough problem of China’s urbanization. This paper constructs a model of social distance and exploits how social capital and peer effect affect the social distance. We find that social capital can significantly reduce social distance by eliminating bias between the two groups and changing self-identity of migrant workers;meanwhile,peer effect can significantly broaden social distance by strengthening the group’s bias.