不同发育时期椰子叶片精油的提取与成分分析

Extraction and composition analysis of the essential oil of coconut leaves at different development stage

为明确引诱椰心叶甲[Brontispa longissima(Gestro)]取食的化学信息物质,利用同时蒸馏萃取法分别提取椰子(Cocos nucifera L.)的心叶、半展叶、老熟叶的精油,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对3者化学成分进行种类和含量的比较分析。结果表明,不同发育时期椰子叶片精油的主要成分为:2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、十四烷酸、棕榈酸、叶绿醇、油酸和(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸等,这些化合物分别占椰子心叶、半展叶、老熟叶总精油含量的83.16%、67.23%、68.17%,但各成分在其含量上存在明显差异,这可能导致了它们对椰心叶甲的活性差异,本研究为初步确定椰子心叶对椰心叶甲的引诱活性成分提供了理论依据。

In order to study the attractive components to Brontispa longissima（Gestro）,the essential oils from the heart leaves,semi-spread leaves,matured leaves of Cocos nucifera L.were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction.The chemical components and relative contents of the essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.The results showed that the main ingredients of the essential oil from coconut leaves at different stage were： 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,tetradecanoic acid,palmitic acid,phytol,oleic acid and（Z,Z）-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid etc,The total content of these compounds accounted for 83.16%,67.23% and 68.17% of essential oil at three stages respectively.However,there were great differences in the chemical components and relative content of the essential oils of the three stages,which possibly resulted in some differences in attractiveness.The study will provide some scientific reference for the identification of B.longissima attractant.