单气室固体氧化物燃料电池关键材料与微堆系统

Key Materials and Micro-Stack Systems of Single Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

单气室固体氧化物燃料电池(SC-SOFC)是一种与传统的双气室结构燃料电池不同的新型燃料电池。SC-SOFC的阴极和阳极都暴露在单一气室中,在工作时通入含有燃料和氧化剂的混合气体,利用阳极和阴极的选择催化作用实现发电。SC-SOFC具有结构简单、无需密封、易于进行堆叠等很多独特的优点。本文介绍了SC-SOFC近期的研究进展,内容包括工作原理的介绍、SC-SOFC的关键材料选择与研究现状、影响SC-SOFC运行的主要因素的讨论,以及微堆(电池组)系统结构设计和试验等。着重介绍了本课题组在SC-SOFC的研究工作,包括对复合阴极材料、Ni修饰氧化物阳极的研究,以及星型和阵列式等多种新型SC-SOFC微堆结构设计与实验等。最后,基于对其优缺点的分析,展望了SC-SOFC各种潜在的应用。

Single chamber solid oxide fuel cell （SC-SOFC） is different from the conventional solid oxide fuel cell with dual gas chamber structure. Both cathode and anode of SC-SOFC are exposed to the only one gas chamber. Mixed gas containing fuel and oxidant is fed during operation and it can generate electric energy by the selectively catalytic activities of cathode and anode. SC-SOFC has many particular advatages, such as more simple structure, eliminating the need for sealing and easy stacking etc. In this paper, the recent research advances of SC- SOFC are reviewed, including brief introduction of operational principle of SC-SOFC, the selection of key materials for SC-SOFC, the discussion of main influencing factors on SC-SOFC, as well as the design and test of micro-stack （battery） system. The investigation results on SC-SOFC of our research group are highlighted, including composite cathode, oxide anode with Ni modification, and some novel designs for SC-SOFC micro stacks, such as star-type and array-type stacks, and so on. Finally, an outlook about the potential applications of SC-SOFC is given according to the analysis of its merits and drawbacks.