质子交换膜燃料电池材料

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Materials

质子交换膜燃料电池是最接近商业化的一种燃料电池,最有希望作为未来电动汽车的发动机,近二十年取得了长足的发展。目前限制质子交换膜燃料电池进入商业化的最主要原因是成本和寿命两大问题,寻找和开发新型材料成为解决这两大问题、推进商业化进程的必然选择,也是质子交换膜燃料电池近些年来的研究重点和热点。本文对构成质子交换膜燃料电池的几大关键材料的发展进行了介绍,首先重点介绍了质子交换膜的发展状况,包括含氟膜、非氟膜、高温膜、陶瓷膜等若干方向的发展;其次介绍了燃料电池用铂系及非铂系催化剂的研究现状;然后气体扩散层的性质及材料研究进行了综述;最后介绍了石墨、金属及复合双极板材料及加工方法的发展。本文还对每种材料的发展现状进行了简要的评述,并展望了这些材料今后的发展方向。

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC）, which is the closest to commercialization in all the five types of fuel cells, is one of the most promising power sources as the future electric vehicle engine and has rapid progress in the past two decades. To date, the biggest obstacles in the way of PEMFC＇ s commercialization are cost and lifetime, which must be solved by searching and developing novel materials. These areas have already become the keystones and hotspots in PEMFC＇ s research and development. In this paper, recent years＇ developments on the key materials of PEMFC are reviewed. Firstly, the development in proton exchange membrane is introduced including the directions of fluorinated membrane, non-fluorinated membrane, high temperature membrane, inorganic ceramic membrane and so on. Secondly, the recent progress in platinum based and non- platinum electrocatalyst used in PEMFC is introduced; thirdly, the research results of the characteristics and materials of the gas diffusion layer in PEMFC is introduced. In the last, bipolar plates materials and their machining methods of graphite, metal and composite materials for PEMFC are reviewed. The authors also comment the state-of-the-art development of each material, and provide outlook of the future develop directions of the PEMFC materials.