以嵌入化合物为正极的混合超级电容器

Hybrid Supercapacitors Based on Intercalation Compounds as Positive Electrodes

本文对以嵌入化合物为正极的混合超级电容器的发展做了扼要介绍,重点阐述了本试验室在水系电解液、电极材料(活性炭、MnO2、V2O5、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、NaxMnO2和KxMnO2)和混合超级电容器体系的研究结果。值得注意的是,以含碱金属的嵌入化合物为正极材料的混合超级电容器更具良好的应用前景,因为该体系不同于其他超级电容器体系,不需要电解质给电极材料提供阴、阳离子,且电极材料的容量密度高,功率密度高,循环寿命长。最后,对今后的发展方向进行了展望。

In this paper a short introduction to the latest development on hybrid supercapacitors based on intercalation compounds is presented, and the up-to-date research results of our laboratory on the influence of aqueous electrolytes, electrode materials （ activated carbons, MnO2, V2O5 , LiCoO2 , LiMn2O4, NaxMnO2 and KxMnO2 ） and some supercapacitors are mainly expounded. It should be noted that the hybrid supercapacitors based on intercalation compounds containing alkali metal elements presents great promise for applications due to the following reasons： （1） the electrolytes are different from those of other supercapacitors and they do not need to provide anions and cations for positive and negative electrodes, （2） the electrode materials have high capacitance, high power density and excellent cycling behavior. For example, in the case of amorphous nano MnO2, after 23 000 full cycles, the capacitance retention is above 94%. As to the hybrid supercapacitor of AC//LiMn2O4 nanorod, its energy density based on the active electrode materials can be above 50Wh/kg with excellent power characteristics. Finally, some future directions are pointed out especially some non-carbon based negative electrode materials with capacitive and redox behaviors.