呼伦贝尔沙地和松嫩沙地草地沙漠化过程中土壤理化特性变化规律的比较研究

Comparison of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in the Desertification Process of Hulunbeier Sandy Land and Songnen Sandy Land

分别在松嫩沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地,选择沙漠化梯度样地,测定了土壤主要理化特性指标,比较了两地土壤沙漠化演变过程的差异。结果表明:①松嫩沙地非沙化草地的土壤黏粉粒、硬度、土壤温度、土壤有机质、全养分、土壤含水量和含盐量明显高于呼伦贝尔沙地,而土壤粗沙含量和土壤容重明显低于呼伦贝尔沙地;②随着沙漠化的发展,无论是松嫩沙地还是呼伦贝尔沙地,其土壤细沙含量、黏粉粒含量、土壤含水量、土壤含盐量、土壤硬度、有机碳、全养分含量均明显下降,土壤粗沙含量、土壤温度、土壤容重明显增加,其变化幅度是松嫩沙地大于呼伦贝尔沙地;③沙漠化对草地土壤理化特性的影响程度表现为松嫩沙地大于呼伦贝尔沙地,其原因主要是松嫩沙地原始土壤的理化性质要好于呼伦贝尔沙地。

The change in soil physical and chemical properties during the process of desertification were investigated in Songnen Sandy Land and Hulunbeier Sandy Land.The clay content,soil hardness,soil temperature,organic matter,total nutrients,soil moisture and salt content in the non-desertified grassland in Songnen Sandy Land were markedly higher than that in Hulunbeier Sandy Land,but the coarse sand content and soil bulk density in Songnen Sandy Land were significantly lower than that in Hulunbeier Sandy Land.With the development of desertification,an obvious decrease in contents of fine sand,sticky silt,soil moisture,soil salt,and soil hardness,organic carbon,total nutrient were observed in both Songnen Sandy Land and Hulunbeier Sandy Land.But the coarse soil content,soil temperature,soil bulk density increased significantly,and the change range in Songnen Sandy Land was higher than that in Hulunbeier Sandy Land.The physical and chemical characteristics of grassland soil were more easily impacted by desertification in Songnen Sandy Land than in Hulunbeier Sandy Land,and the main reason is that the original soil physical and chemical indices in Songnen Sandy Land were better than that in Hulunbeier Sandy Land.