海岸沙丘发育机制之研究现状评述

A Review on the Research Status of Forming Mechanism of Coastal Dunes

主要综述了20世纪80年代以来国内外对海岸沙丘发育机制的研究成果。初步认为,海岸沙丘发育于各纬度,以沙源丰富、风况适宜和沙汇充足的海岸带最完好,分布在风暴浪作用的最高位置或最大天文潮线之上,是海滨-沙丘动力系统与陆地地表能量与物质交换的承载体。在发育过程中,沙源、波浪能量、风速、风区长度起决定性作用,海滩坡度、沉积物粒径、颗粒间的黏结力、空气密度、植被盖度等因素的影响也不容忽视。在各种动力-地貌系统和自然环境的影响下,沙丘的形态和规模呈现出不同程度的发育状态。根据研究现状,展望了我国海岸沙丘的研究方向与基本内容。

Based on a review of the last 30 years＇ research results on the forming mechanism of coastal dunes at home and abroad,this paper made a preliminary conclusion as follows： The coastal dunes developed at coastal zones of all latitudes,but the coastal zones with abundant sand,suitable wind and adequate sand gathering were the most appropriate,and the coastal dunes were mainly distributed at the upper reaches of storm waves and the maximum position of astronomical tide.The coastal dunes formed and developed during the exchange process of energy and material between land surface and beach-dune dynamic system.The development of coastal dunes was mainly affected by sand source,wave energy,wind speed and wind-driven length,and it was also influenced by other factors,such as beach slope,grain size of the sediments,adhesive force,vegetation coverage and atmosphere density,etc.Under the influence of various dynamic-geomorphology system and natural environment,the shape and size of coastal dunes presented different developing patterns.According to the review of research status,this paper put forward some suggestions to improve the research on the coastal dunes in China.