造船行业电焊烟尘检测结果的分析

Analysis of Welding Dust Monitoring Results in Shipyards

[目的]比较造船行业不同工段间的电焊烟尘浓度及定点采样与个体采样间浓度的差别,以探讨造船行业电焊烟尘的防护重点和合适的采样方法。[方法]在某造船厂部件装焊、分段装焊、总段装焊及船舶总装四个工段,以定点采样(分别采集10、10、12及10个样品)和个体采样(分别采集16、22、16、16个样品)的方法同时采集焊接作业中的电焊烟尘,并均按GBZ/T192.1—2007用同一电子天平检测。[结果]定点采样的电焊烟尘浓度,以船舶总装工段最高,为(6.53±1.65)mg/m3;总段装焊工段次之,为(1.92±0.56)mg/m3。船舶总装工段和总段装焊的电焊烟尘浓度明显高于部件装焊工段和分段装焊工段(P<0.05)。部件装焊、分段装焊两工段间电焊烟尘浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同一工段中,个体采样浓度明显高于定点采样检测浓度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]船舶总装工段的电焊烟尘浓度最高,是造船行业最应该加强防护的工段;个体采样更能真实反应电焊作业人员的电焊烟尘暴露情况。

[Objective] To explore the focus areas for control and prevention of welding dust in shipyards and to select its appropriate monitoring methods by comparing welding dust exposure levels in different workshops and evaluating the exposure difference between personal monitoring and on spot monitoring.[Methods] The personal monitoring samples and on spot monitoring samples were collected at the same time at the following four workshops in the selected shipyards,namely：parts welding,subsection welding,section welding and boat assembly.The number of personal monitoring samples and on spot monitoring samples at the four workshops were 16,22,16,16 and 10,10,12,10 respectively.[Results] The on spot monitoring results showed that the welding dust concentration level of（6.53±1.65）mg/m3 in boat assembly workshop was the highest,followed by（1.92±0.56）mg/m3 in section welding workshop.The welding dust concentration levels in these two workshops were significantly higher than the concentration in parts welding and subsection welding workshops（P 0.05）.There were no significant difference in welding dust exposure levels between parts welding and subsection welding workshops（P 0.05）.Personal monitoring results were significantly higher than on spot monitoring results in the same workshop（P 0.05）.[Conclusion] Boat assembly workshop has very high prevention and control priority in shipyards since the welding dust concentration level is highest compared with other workshops.Personal monitoring method is better than on spot monitoring method in assessing actual dust exposure levels.