支气管哮喘患者人群慢性肾脏病流行病学调查

Epidemiology investigation on chronic kidney disease among patients with bronchial asthma

目的了解支气管哮喘患者人群慢性肾脏病流行病学现状。方法选择≥14岁的支气管哮喘患者为研究对象进行问卷调查、体格检查和肾脏损伤及相关危险因素检测。根据相关疾病诊断标准对资料进行分析。结果郑州市14岁以上支气管哮喘患者人群蛋白尿、血尿和估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）下降患病率为别为9．41％、10．37％和3．03％，均高于普通人群。CKD患病率高达17．38％，女性显著高于男性（21．47％比13．99％，x2=6．060，P=0．014）；CKD1～5期患病率分别为8．61％、5．10％、3．03％、0．48％和0．16％。在哮喘分期中，急性发作期CKD患病率为24．42％，显著高于慢性持续期和临床缓解期（x2=12．445，P=0．002）；急性发作期蛋白尿和eGFR下降患病率均高于其他两期（x2=19．619，P〈0．01和x2=9．305，P=0．010）。结论支气管哮喘人群具有较高的肾脏损伤发生率，尤其在急性发作期，应重视此人群。肾损害的评估。

Objective To study the prevalence of chronic kidney disease （CKD） among patients with bronchial asthma in Zhengzhou. Methods A total of 655 patients （older than 14 years） were interviewed and received physical, uria and blood examination. Bronchial asthma and CKD were diagnosed according to related definition. Results The prevalence of albuminuria, hematuria, reduced eGFR and CKD was 9.41%,10.37%, 3.03% and 17.386% respectively in the above special patients, which was higher than that of the general population. Women had higher prevalence of CKD than men （21.47% vs 13.99%, x2=6.060, P=0.014）. Prevalence of 1 to 5 stage of CKD was 8.61%, 5.10%, 3.03%, 0.48% and 0.16% respectively. In the acute phase of asthma, prevalence of CKD （24.42%） was significantly higher than that in chronic duration and clinical remission period （x2=12.445, P=0.002） and the same significant differences were found in albuminuria and reduced eGFR （x2=19.619, P〈0.01 and X2=9.305, P=0.010）. Conclusion The bronchial asthma patients have higher incidence of renal damage and should be estimated, especially in the acute phase.