关于周文王的即位与称王——读清华简《保训》札记

King Wen of Zhou's Ascending to Throne and Changing His Title into "King"

根据传世文献,至迟到春秋、战国时期,诸侯称号发生变化,并不意味着一定要改元。是否改元,并没有一成不变的规律可寻。清华简《保训》如果确为周文王遗嘱,其中"惟王五十年"一语,可以证明周文王生前已经称王,但不足以证明他从即位之年就已经称王了。

According to extant ancient books, that a seigneur changed his title did not mean that he must change the designation of his reign necessarily at latest during the Spring-and-Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. If Bao-xun of bamboo slips collected by Qing-hua University was last words of King Wen of Zhou without questions, the sentence of ＂The fiftieth year of King＇＂＂ neans that King Wen of Zhou had changed his title into ＂King＂ before Death, but it＇s not enough to prove that King Wen of Zhou changed his title as soon as he ascended the throne.