林火生态的研究与应用

The Studies and Application of Forest Fire Ecology

火生态是生态学的一个分支。地球上许多森林生态系统的维持需要一定的火干扰。回顾了林火生态的发展历史 ,把它划分为 3个阶段 :( 1) 190 0～ 1960年 ,研究初期 ;( 2 ) 1961～ 1985年 ,认识转变阶段 ;( 3) 1985年以后 ,火生态学分支学科形成阶段。还阐述了火生态的概念和研究内容 ,分别介绍了火对植物、土壤、水文、野生动物和生态系统的影响。在林火生态学的应用与实践方面 ,对计划火烧的应用与作用也作了论述 ,对火生态的未来作了展望。

Fire ecology is a branch of ecology.As a ecological factor,fire is getting important to people.Fire interfere can not be excluded completely in forest ecology system,and it is necessary to maintain some forest ecosystems in the world.This paper reviews the development history of fire ecology,and divided the research course into three phases:(1)From 1900 to 1960,it is initial stage;(2)From 1961 to 1985,it is the second phase——changing the cognizance to fire;(3)After 1985,it is the phase to form the branch subject of fire ecology.The conception and study content of fire ecology are also discussed in the paper.Fire effects were recounted to plants,soil,hydrology,animals and ecosystems respectively.Application and practice of fire ecology are emphasized especially,and the application and effects of prescribed burning are also discussed.In the end,the prospect of fire ecology is forecasted.