在规则冲突中寻求生命权紧急避险的支撑——以“大多数”语境下的行为功利主义为标尺

Seeking Support and Rescue of Right to Life among Rule Conflicts——Adopting Act Utilitarianism under the context of "majority" as a criterion

法律的评价来源于社会上"大多数人"对一行为的普遍认识。立法程序的本身,即是一个"大多数"的包含社会功利主义内容的相对正义的过程。法律既然是"大多数"原则下的一种能让人们在有预期指引下的规范,就应该将此原则贯彻到底,不应在"大多数"语境下又忽视了"大多数",意即在此种语境下的产物应是彻底贯彻着产生它的原则。因此,当我们所追求的普遍的绝对的正义仍然处于非应然状态的相对正义领域里的规则冲突时,应认识到,实然法律也只是相对领域里的规则法定化,在实定化并保护此种正义时必然会无法实定和保护彼种正义。既然实然法律亦不能抛却其正义的相对性,成为我们恒久追求的具有普遍正义品质的法律,当其与同为具有正义相对性的社会相当性规则(彼种正义)不期而遇时,我们就应在心中对恒久正义的追求下,以"大多数"语境下的行为功利主义为标尺判断行为是否具有法益侵害的违法性。于此,可成为刑法中生命权紧急避险的支撑。

The evaluation of law derives from the recognition of ＂majority＂ in society towards a certain behavior rather than being groundless.Being ＂majority＂-oriented procedure,the legislative itself aims at promoting the relative justice slightly featuring social utilitarianism and achieving or intending to realize absolute justice.When the prevalent and absolute justice we seek remains under the rule conflicts of relative justice in undue condition,act utilitarianism under the context of ＂majority＂ should be regarded as a standard by which to judge whether the behavior has infringed the legal interests in order to evaluate justice.This can be the support of act of rescue and right to life in criminal law.