全雌性苎麻种质创新及性别表达与遗传分析

Analysis on Creation of New Germplasm and Sex Expression and Heredity of Gynoecious Ramie

1987 年以来,发现了仅现雌蕾的栽培种全雌性苎麻(简称Go 型苎麻),经自然结实及其与黑皮蔸杂交系选,创新出8 个G 型苎麻株系,经感光性鉴定为光周期敏感型全雌性苎麻(简称SG型苎麻)。Go 与黑皮蔸具有一定的杂交亲合性,但F1 中有部分假杂种,Go 是兼性无融合生殖类型,可能含有性染色体。部分G型植株矮小,鲜皮出麻率低,但纤维品质好。认为SG型苎麻在苎麻育种中具有重大的实用价值,也是研究光周期反应型及性型遗传的良好材料。

Since 1987, cultivated gynoecious ramie with only female flower bud appearance have been discovered (to be called “Go Ramie” for short). 8 new gynoecious ramie plant system have been created via Go natural by bearing fruit and hybridized between Go and Heipidou and then systematic selection under taken. These gynoecious ramie materials (to be called “SG Ramie” for short) showed sensitive to day length via photoperiodic test. Go showed a certain cross compatibility with Heipidou but there were some false hybrids in F 1 ,therefore, Go could be apomixis type. Some of which were shorter plant and lower fibre ratio of fresh bast, but their fibre quality was better. It is considered that SG type is useful for ramie breeding and very advantageous to study photoperiod reation and heredity of sexual types.