某社区产褥期接受三次家庭访视的产妇健康状况分析

Maternal Health Status During Puerperium:A community-based retrospective analysis of 338 cases

目的分析某社区产妇接受产后家庭访视期间的健康状况及其影响因素,明确家庭访视的效果。方法回顾性分析338例产妇的家庭访视资料。结果选择剖宫产产妇比例较大(占71.0%),不同年龄、文化程度产妇对分娩方式的选择差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);61.2%的产妇曾有乳汁不足问题,且在不同年龄段产妇间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);1个月内产妇全程纯母乳喂养执行率低(47.9%),单因素分析显示乳汁不足对母乳喂养有明显影响(P=0.00);产妇子宫复旧不佳(53.3%)问题突出,主要是恶露延迟(52.1%),但其他疾病或健康问题发生率较低(5.3%)。结论社区卫生服务中心应从提高自身访视质量出发,加强育龄妇女产前、产后的健康促进工作,提高产妇健康自我管理能力以达到改善产妇产褥期生活质量的目的。

Objective To find out the current status and the influence factors of maternal health during puerperium,and to provide an evidence to improvement the home visiting service provided by community health nursing. Methods The data of maternal health status of 338 puerperae who accepted three-time home visiting during puerperium were retrospectively analyzed. Results The proportion of cesarean section was high to 71% and there were significant differences among the puerperae with different ages and degrees of education（P0.05）.Some 61.2% of them had hypogalactia,and there was significant difference among the puerperae of different age groups（P0.05）.Only 47.9% of the puerperae insisted pure breastfeeding during one month of puerperium.Univariate analysis revealed that the hypogalactia had a remarkable influence to breastfeeding（P=0.00）;53.3% of the puerperae had sub-involution of uterus,52.1% had the prolonged lochia;and only 5.3% had other disorders or health problems. Conclusion It is important to improve the home visiting service,to enhance the health promotion work for perinatal women,and raise their self-managing healthability so as to ensure the maternal health and life quality.