菜籽油脚料制备生物柴油的研究

Study on Preparation of Biodiesel from Rapeseed Oil Sediment

以预处理后菜籽油脚料为油源,甲醇为酯化剂,分别经硫酸催化的预酯化和碱催化下的酯交换反应和系列分离精制工艺,合成了生物柴油。红外光谱表征了产物结构,经GC/MS分析测定,减压蒸馏后的生物柴油中的脂肪酸甲酯的含量超过98%。通过正交试验确定了预酯化最佳工艺条件:反应温度65℃,反应时间60 min,醇油质量比1.0∶1.0,催化剂H2SO4用量3.0%(质量百分比),该条件下,预酯化的酯化率达到85.5%;而碱催化下的酯交换最佳工艺条件为:反应温度60℃,醇油质量比0.4∶1.0,催化剂NaOH用量1.0%(质量百分比),反应时间60 min。

The producing process of biodiesel are： after pretreatment,rapeseed oil sediment is taken as oil sources and esterifying agent is methyl alcohol,then,biodiesel fuel（BDF） has been made based on the pre-esterification acidic-catalyzed by sulfuric acid,respectively,moreover,transesterification base-catalyzed by sodium hydroxide and a series separating and purifying process are carried out.And the products structure have been characterized by infrared spectrum,then,through GC/MS analysis,the contents of fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel exceeded 98% after reducing pressure distillation.The optimum technological conditions of pre-esterification based on orthogonal experiment are as follows： reaction temperature is 65 ℃,60 min for reaction and the ratio of methanol to oil is 1.0∶1.0（W/W） as well as H2SO4 dosage of 3.0%（mass percent）,under these conditions,the pre-esterification rate could amount to 85.5%.The optimal conditions for transesterification under base catalysis are as follows： reaction temperature is 60 ℃ and the ratio of methanol to oil is 0.4∶1.0（W/W）,NaOH dosage is 1.0% and reaction time is 60 min.